Materials Science: Unlocking the Secrets of the Physical World Materials Science is a broad and multidisciplinary field that studies the structure, properties, and performance of materials at the atomic and molecular level. It combines elements from physics, chemistry, engineering, and biology to understand and manipulate the physical world around us. The study of materials has been an integral part of human civilization for centuries. Ancient civilizations, such as the Egyptians and Mesopotamians, used materials like clay, stone, and gold to build structures, make tools, and create art.