Anthropology of Childhood: The Study of Children and Their Sociocultural Context Anthropology is the study of human beings and their origins, development, and cultural practices. Within this broad field, there are various sub-disciplines, including the anthropology of childhood. This branch of anthropology focuses on the study of children and their experiences within their cultural, social, and historical contexts. Children are a vital part of any society, as they represent the future and the continuation of cultural practices and beliefs.