Anthropological Genetics: Uncovering the Genetic Roots of Humanity As humans, we are unique beings with complex cultural, social, and linguistic characteristics. Our diverse physical traits are often attributed to our genetic makeup, making Genetics a vital aspect of understanding humanity. This is where the field of Anthropological Genetics comes into play. Anthropological genetics, also known as genetic anthropology, is a branch of anthropology that seeks to understand the genetic makeup of human populations and the ways in which human evolution has shaped our genetic diversity.