What is Metrology? Metrology is a branch of physics that deals with the measurement of physical quantities and the development of systems and standards for accurate and precise measurements. It is considered to be the science of measurement and is essential for many industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, and research. The word “metrology” is derived from the Greek word “metros,” which means measure, and “logos,” which means study. This reflects the fundamental purpose of metrology: to study, develop, and improve methods of measurement.